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Thrusting and Hammering are only two of the Methods of Execution of strikes and blocks. There names basically describe what they are. More specifically:
Thrusting is a move delivered from a specific Point of Origin. That specific Point of Origin is where ever the weapon is positioned at the time of delivery. In most cases, from a chambered position or from a natural hanging position. This correctly implies that thrusting maneuvers typically are delivered in an upward direction. Thrusting also correctly implies that the weapon is not cocked - i.e. brought to an optimal position before being delivered.
Hammering is a move delivered from a cocked position. Cocking correctly implies optimal positioning of the weapon prior to delivery. Typically this is a position higher than the intended point of contact. This correctly implies that hammering maneuvers typically are delivered in a downward direction. Hammering gets its name from the similarity to hammering a nail with a hammer.
So what's the difference? Thrusting is, by definition, almost always faster than Hammering - because the weapon is delivered from where ever it is positioned prior to delivery. Contrast that with Hammering, which must be cocked to an optimal position prior to delivery - thus, creating more delivery time. But, by definition, Hammering is almost always stronger than Thrusting. This is for the same reason - the weapon is cocked to the optimal position prior to delivery, allowing for a stronger delivery.
To get a further explanation, research the American Kenpo terms - Phonetics of Motion, By the Numbers; and Word, Sentence, Paragraph of Motion. They can be found in SGM Parker's books: Infinite Insights into Kenpo series and Encyclopedia of Kenpo.